赵晶晶,葛颜祥,李颖.流域生态补偿多元融资的障碍因素、国际经验及体系建构[J].中国环境管理,2022,14(2):62-69.
ZHAO Jingjing,GE Yanxiang,LI Ying.Obstacles, International Experience and System Construction of Diversified Financing of Watershed Ecological Compensation[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Management,2022,14(2):62-69. |
| 流域生态补偿多元融资的障碍因素、国际经验及体系建构 |
| Obstacles, International Experience and System Construction of Diversified Financing of Watershed Ecological Compensation |
| DOI：10.16868/j.cnki.1674-6252.2022.02.062 |
| 中文关键词: 流域生态补偿 多元融资体系 障碍因素 国际经验 |
| 英文关键词:watershed ecological compensation multiple financing system obstacle factor international experience |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金“流域生态补偿多元主体协同机制研究”（20BGL198）；国家自然科学基金“基于碳汇功能的粮食作物生态补偿机制研究”（71503148）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 补偿资金“从何而来”已成为制约流域生态补偿可持续运行的突出问题。“搭便车”诱惑、生态要素产权界定不清以及生态补偿项目本身的局限性阻碍了多元融资，致使流域生态补偿面临内生性资金供应不足与外部性资金支持增长受限的“资金筹措难题”。本文运用案例分析法与归纳法，总结国外生态补偿融资以及补偿资金使用的经验，以此凝练出有益启示。基于中国本土国情，构建起内生性资金供应与外部性资金支持“协同发力”的流域生态补偿多元融资体系已成为必然。通过优化流域生态补偿多元融资的市场化运作环境，明确界定流域生态资源的产权归属，维护多元融资主体的利益诉求，搭建流域生态补偿项目的内生性资金供应链与丰富获取外部性资金支持的融资方式，完善资金使用评估与信用体系建设等具体内容与手段，提供流域生态保护可持续的资金支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| “Where does the compensation fund come from” has become a prominent issue that restricts the sustainable operation of ecological compensation in the river basin. The temptation of “free-riding”, the unclear definition of the property rights of ecological elements, and the limitations of the ecological compensation project itself hinder diversified financing, causing the ecological compensation of the river basin to face the “financing problem” of insufficient endogenous fund supply and limited external fund support growth. Use case analysis and induction methods to summarize the experience of foreign ecological compensation financing and the use of compensation funds, so as to condense useful enlightenment. Based on China’s national conditions, it has become inevitable to build a diversified financing system of river basin ecological compensation with endogenous fund supply and external fund support. By optimizing the market-oriented operating environment for diversified financing of ecological compensation in the river basin, clearly defining the ownership of the ecological resources of the river basin, safeguarding the interests of diversified financing entities, building an endogenous fund supply chain for river basin ecological compensation projects and enriching financing to obtain external financial support methods, improving specific content and methods such as fund use assessment and credit system construction, to provide sustainable financial support for the ecological protection of the river basin. |
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